How to Add a New User in Debian

Managing user accounts is a fundamental part of Linux system administration. Whether you’re setting up a new developer account, creating user roles for security, or managing a VPS or dedicated server, knowing how to add and configure users in Debian is essential.

This guide will walk you through the steps to add a new user in Debian, set permissions, and ensure security best practices.

Step 1: Log in as Root or Use sudo

Before adding users, you need administrative privileges. Log in as root or use sudo with your regular account.

su -
# or
sudo -i

Step 2: Add the New User

Use the adduser command, which is interactive and user-friendly:

adduser newusername

You’ll be prompted to:

Step 3: Grant Sudo Access (Optional)

If the new user needs administrative rights:

usermod -aG sudo newusername

This adds the user to the sudo group, giving them permission to run commands as root using sudo.

Step 4: Verify the New User

Switch to the new user account to verify:

su - newusername

Try a sudo command (if you added to sudo group):

sudo apt update

Optional: Customize User Settings

You can:

  • Set user shell:

    chsh -s /bin/bash newusername

  • Set account expiration:

    chage -E 2025-12-31 newusername

  • Lock user temporarily:

    usermod -L newusername

Security Best Practices

  • Use strong passwords.

  • Avoid giving sudo access unless necessary.

  • Audit users regularly with:

    cat /etc/passwd

  • Use SSH keys instead of passwords for remote login when possible.

Use Case: Adding Users on a Hosting Server

On VPS or dedicated hosting (e.g., for web development or managing team access):

  • Each user can have their own SFTP login

  • Limited shell access enhances security

  • Useful for shared hosting environments or web app deployment

Many hosting providers like AlexHost, DigitalOcean, or Hetzner allow this on unmanaged Linux servers.

Conclusion

Adding a new user in Debian is a straightforward task that enhances system management, improves security, and supports multi-user environments. Whether you’re running a personal server or managing multiple users in a hosting setup, following these steps ensures a secure and organized Linux system.